Representation CONCEPTA holiness in text ZHIZNEOPISANIYA SVYATOGO

UDC 63.3(4)

At the moment there has been interest in linguistics to such types of discourse, which were not subject to its active study. In this case we are talking about the religious discourse. Scientists are primarily interested in those texts with religious content, which become known to a wider circle of readers (and listeners) и к которым проявляется интерес со стороны разных групп российского населения. Среди этих текстов значительное место занимает житийная литература – тексты, описывающие жизнь подвижников, которые были причислены церковью к лику святых в XX – начале XXI вв. These works began to refer to the genre of biography, which dates back to the Old Life of. Texts with religious content are studied from different points of view. Одним из важных направлений является описание концептуальной сферы религиозного сознания и ее языковая репрезентация в текстах.

Целью данной статьи является рассмотрение репрезентации в тексте современного жизнеописания концепта святости. В качестве примера мы взяли «Жизнеописание преподобного Макария (Глухарева) первоапостола Алтая» [Жизнеописание, 2009].

Для нас большое значение будет иметь такой важный признак текста как его коммуникативная направленность. При рассмотрении текста жизнеописания с точки зрения его коммуникативности, we, в первую очередь, опираемся на понятие концептуальной структуры текста, которая находит в нем словесное воплощение.

Interpretation of the term "concept" many papers [Kubryakova, 1996; Karasik, Sternin, 2007], but no consensus on this issue is not yet formed. Under konceptom, after S.G. Vorkachevym, мы будем понимать «единицу коллективного знания/сознания (отправляющую к высшим духовным ценностям), имеющих языковое выражение и являющуюся одной из единиц мышления» [Воркачев, 2005]. Hence, концептуальное содержание сознания и текста эксплицируется именно через язык.

Заметим, что концепт может и не иметь обязательной связи со словом или другими языковыми сред­ствами вербализации. Concept can be verbalized, and may not be verbalized language means.

The text of the biography of the concept of holiness is expressed by the nominative fields, объединяющихся в следующие тематические блоки: благо, добро, humility, кротость, самоотверженность, faith, учительство; благовоспитанный, благочестивый, сердечный, ласковый и т.д. The large number of nominations of a concept shows a high density of the plot nominative language system, verbalized that reflects the relevance of the concept for the consciousness of the people [Karasik, Sternin, 2007].

Следует отметить, that the conceptual components of the image, transmission as a portrait, and the internal state of the saint, It takes different forms in the text, have different categorical value. If the author says about such an important person as a saint as "humility", it is evident a certain constant quality, without which a person a saint can not be ranked. Another thing, when the author uses the verb "humbled". In this case, it has shown processuality, emphasis on the, that man brought himself into a quality effort of will, shows his spiritual struggle, not only with the world, but also with himself.

In the genre of biography, as in the lives of the genre, concept of holiness embodied primarily in the form of a man and a, from our point of view, text-forming. From its realization depends on the compositional structure of the text, its ideological and semantic content, as well as the construction of the image of the saint with the help of language units, expressing spiritual content as the main property of the person in the Life [Bolotnova, 2001].

М.Н. Kazennova in the concept of holiness includes the following components: faith in God and love of neighbor; constant prayer and fasting; humility, gentleness and patience; constant surveillance of their thoughts and actions; obedience; otsutstvie ever excesses and t.d. [Kazennova, 2007]. The above virtues give rise to a special relationship to death as the beginning of a new life. Evidence gained sainthood is also an indication of the variety of wonderful talent, which takes the ascetic, as a reward for his tireless spiritual work. На наш взгляд, appropriate to add to this list a number of provisions, concerning the life of the saint was a missionary. This activism literacy and church scripture unenlightened peoples, translated into their language liturgical books, construction of temples, constant struggle with the elements of nature, etc. [Grekova, 2011].

Concept of holiness is constant, gives rise to the so-called canon of hagiographic, implying uniform construction of all hagiographic texts. So, the description of linguistic resources, which makes explicit the content of the concept of holiness in the structure of the text of the biography, we can talk not only about the new language elements, the choice of which, according to our assumption, dictates the text, but also the preservation of the unity of the various options genre hagiographic texts.

Безусловно, While writing the biography of existence and scope, have a decisive impact on the way, as a concept, not only organizes the structure of the product, but linguistic units, by expressing. Прежде всего, this is manifested in the use of synonymous lexical units. Конечно, hagiographer focuses on the idea of ​​the sanctity of the church, approved in the tradition. He can not change these general church concepts. But the concrete historical situation, surrounding St., на наш взгляд, largely influences the perception of the text and writing biographies. В частности, we are considering "Biography St.Makary (Глухарева) Chief Apostle Altai "bears the imprint of its time.

The concept of holiness as a cognitive unit has its own form of expression in the text of the biography. Прежде всего, it has a character antinomiyny, which is shown from the outset biographies Macarius Glukhareva. The author introduces the opposition immediately, distinguishing between the holy world and the world of the common man - goodness and righteousness and wickedness contrasted anger. This two opposing meaningful plan. Ведь, "Holy" – is the perfect, imbued with a high sense of people, possessing divine grace, He dedicated his life to the church and religion, and after the death of a recognized model of righteous living and carrier miraculous power [Burns, 1995, 695]. A sinner - a person, violating religious rules and regulations, it is something harmful, bad, the opposite of goodness and holiness, in principle, [Burns, 1995, 141]. Attention is drawn to the fact, that most of the words, constituting the ideal image of a man in the hagiographic literature, in modern language picture of the world partially or completely lose the imprint of sacredness and transformed into common parlance (wise, crafty, blissful, St.) [Zavalnykov, 2004].

Итак, picture of the world, eksplitsiruemaya genre biography, formed with certain contrasting characteristics. Religious art world biographies presented in the form of rigorous mental and ethical opposition: earthly - heavenly; true - false; everyday - sacral; the love of God - the fear of God, etc.. Such is the antinomy, на наш взгляд, a kind of frame, on which to build a meaningful plan works. We grasp the essence of the concept is not only a set of specific lexical units, but also through the obvious contrast between those signs, introduced into the product as the sanctity, obedience, childishness, spirituality on the one hand, and pride, sin, зависть, unenlightenment other.

The author not only introduces text data antinomy, He gives them specific features, which transmit the worldview of the indigenous population. After all, we know from the biography, that the basis of religious beliefs can be traced Altai pagan dualism, that is, the presence of two elements: light - and dark Ulgen - Erlik. Hence, before the missionary is not an easy task – open and convey to the people the concept of the omnipotence of God - Christ, that is, to awaken their soul is holy beginning, so that people can feel a sense of freedom and open your heart to the divine, righteous and eternal.

Antinomy in the text of the biography can be manifested indirectly, what we see in the following example: "And his calm and clear voice, just obuhom, I hit podletevshih riding foreigners " [Жизнеописание, 2009, 18]. In this proposal, if three parts, the reader who may allocate, terms their cognitive experience, obtained as a result of reading the text: 1) calm and clear voice Macarius Glukhareva; 2) cheeky and rude foreigners; 3) «Just obuhom» – keyword, на наш взгляд, combination of words to the understanding of the opposition. In our minds clearly built up a logical chain: человек, sainted, has a special grace of God, special qualities, which even the beginning of a dark human struggle not able to. These are two different poles, and any person takes the doctrine missionary, changes themselves, or remains unenlightened lifetime. То есть, through the perception of the concept of means of expression, formed not only the idea of ​​holiness, but one becomes aware of such important components, how krotostь, love, patience, credulity, unselfishness, учительство, humanity, etc..

The important point, на наш взгляд, is, antinomy that can be expressed in the text and in the form of a dialogue [Жизнеописание, 2009, 24]:

– Why go again? - Forgetting the duty of hospitality, he said (Boris) hatred. – I hate to look at you and your speech I post.

– And I love you, – said with meekness Father Makari, and villages, by custom, on the porch, with their krotkymy slovami of just Boge.

The whole point of, All the teachings of God made a speech writer in Makary. Through her, he seemed to transmit the basic commandment of Christ to love your enemy.

Таким образом, antinomii, expressing the concept of holiness, прежде всего, relations are represented through the elements of the conceptual sphere, which are linked not only by direct, but also indirectly in the text of the biography. They help to more accurately understand the meaning of such a phenomenon, as "holiness". Besides, the reader is sometimes easier to understand the essence of the concept is indirectly, shaped as a result of his perception.

An important feature of text biographies, distinguishes it from the lives, is, that the protagonist, along with a missionary becomes author, which used a direct participant in an event was not, and was just passed his life and people. The above dialogue is precisely described through the eyes of the author.

"Missionary life - a road, endless travel, sometimes in places unusually wild and impassable, in any weather, not in spite of everything ", – says the author [Жизнеописание, 2009, 28]. And this leads to the veracity of his words as evidence of archpriest o.Stefana Landysheva, the successor of St. Macarius of Mission. These certificates presented Macarius Glukhareva behavior in dealing with natural elements: "A lightning, all continue to shine dazzling snakes, covered river depths; on the faces of my companions it was also an expression of fear and indecision, and just this little strong-willed man pulled the reins of his horse trembling, and she obediently slid into the water from the shore… I remember this moment and now, clearly remember… he is weak and does not set an example to us young, young and strong; his face, lit by lightning, was gently and quietly " [Жизнеописание, 2009, 30]. This piece of text is a capacious antinomy, framing verbal framework formation in the reader's mind the concept of "holiness". Macarius Glukharev "weak and the young" with gentle and calm face, while his companions are young and strong, but with an expression of fear and indecision on his face.

Also, we are considering the concept finds expression in the monologues, submitted sermons of St., missionary in dialogues with himself. Even though the, that monologue - this one-sided phenomenon, author through the use of such forms Can graphically convey to the reader the main idea.

Таким образом, in the text of the biography of the concept of holiness is realized as a right, and indirectly. То есть, in the text there are words with a direct value, directly indicate the manifestation of holiness, как правило, understandable to the reader, even in isolation. The indirect perception requires more human attention and concentration, as the indirect expression of the concept of holiness can be understood only in the system, instead of individual words and phrases. On the indirect representation of the concept we mentioned earlier, but we should not lose sight of the specific and outdated language, environmental image of holiness and text biographies in general: cellar, ryası, ascetic, cell, prosphora, dissenter, Seminary, death and t.d. And does not matter, that it is about Latter-day Saints, you can not write in another language, He predestined history. While new elements are introduced, but in general the tendency to preserve the style and the canon is not destroyed.

The direct incarnation of holiness presented specific tokens through the physical description of the spiritual world and Macarius Glukhareva: "In the seminary with his inspector Glukharev selflessness, humanity, honesty stood out against the background of his colleagues. Mild in nature, he shunned any roughness and its relationship to pupils introduced the most tone friendly, most cordial, tender, encouraging» [Жизнеописание, 2009, 7]. Отметим, that the spiritual aspect of the holy text biographies expressed not only by lexical and syntactic means, and units of the morphological level, primarily due to a different part of speech words Accessories: "Such kindness and humility Archimandrite had a beneficent effect on people" [Жизнеописание, 2009, 28]; "He stood out and modesty and with the absence of any subservience and simplicity ..., and artless treatment during service, and especially the gentle and pleasant expression in facial features. His eyes shone with a sincere, reverence mood people » [Жизнеописание, 2009, 54].

That is the description of the internal state of the missionary observed accumulation of tokens, expressing the quality of its response. Generally, is the concentration in one simple sentence uniform definitions, consecutive successive. This indicates that, that the concept of holiness, being the dominant text, included in the product and gets its spread in a variety of lexical units. In the same places, where it is said, how much work and responsibility lies on the shoulders of a missionary, there is a concentration of nouns, performing the function of the verb: "Missionaries had to deal with all: faith and learning skills of agriculture, teaching literacy to children and adults, supply of agricultural implements, food and clothing, treatment and even childbirth " [Жизнеописание, 2009, 52]. Отметим, that the abundance of repeats Union "and" creates a special stylistic perception fragment. This enhances the perception of the words in the text, lends semantic expression and dynamism. As rightly observed VP. Zavalnykov, This kind of "enhancers", represents the value of the tireless work of the saint, not only on themselves, but also enhances the activity of missionary activity [Zavalnykov, 2004].

Finishing work, the compiler does not forget to pay tribute to the tradition. In conclusion spelled out the exact dates of death of the Monk, days of his memory followed akathist. This is due to the fact, что перед нами – church literature, which itself dictates the rules of its writing, because the texts of this kind are not the essence of the common man, namely St.. Hence, we see the relationship of lexical items, their connections and relations of the communicative intention of the author, and the overall target of the program text. With such a concept, as "holiness", It is reflected in the life of a conceptual picture of the world, which is the result of all spiritual activity of man.

Leksycheskyy, semantycheskyy, semantic level of the text is in a relationship of mutual submission: lexical structure of the text defines its semantic structure, and semantic - semantic structure of the text. The reader understands the meaning of the text and the image in the first place through a variety of communication lexical units, therefore, they are of paramount importance to the communicative side of the text, in particular the interpretation of plan. Lexical structure of the text - is the foundation for understanding the text, a form of semantic representation and semantic level biographies [Bolotnova, 2001]. All this complex system is harmonized in the morphological and syntactic levels of text.

Despite, Lives of the genre over time been altered, works, designed to express, carry only the Divine Truth, constitute a kind of unified semantic space. And this insight into the semantic content allows the reader to understand the motives, encourage authors to write well, and not otherwise, clear all, implying writer, the internal logic of his text message. This includes understanding and evaluation of the linguistic means of expression, used by the author, которые, в свою очередь, based not only on the plot, but grammatical context. This structure offers, and word order, and a preference for the use of a particular time, and the use of certain token or tokens in sequence, and distinctive epithets, - All, that VV. Vinogradov called "verbal rows" [Vinogradov, 1978, 186]. This style elements at all language levels, are related by the interaction and interdependence: syntactic, leksycheskom, grammatical, word-formative, audio, Rhythm.

Таким образом, the text of the biography is a system, consisting of selectively engaged members, which in different ways and at different levels of the text represent the concept of holiness, enter text into a relationship of interaction and allow the reader to focus on its main theme: Reverend holiness missionary.

References

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References

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Received 28.05.12