Cadets in contemporary Russian society as a way of creating a national cultural identity

 
The most urgent problems of the modern Russian youth problems are spiritual and moral development. In the 90s there was a break-up values ​​of the Soviet period, formation of a new system of values ​​and new social relations. Contemporary Russian society is in a moral and spiritual crisis. Family, system of education information are systematically attacked by the media, which result in the imposition of new values ​​active life, in which a person becomes a consumer of goods and services, rather than personality, able to produce and create worlds. Substitution of high culture norms values ​​averaged samples of mass consumer culture, reorient youth from collectivist cultural values ​​to the selfish individual has led to extremely negative consequences.

The youth of today is experiencing uncertainty in the outlook, going personality and moral degradation, decline in the value of human life. Destruction of morality, mechanisms of cultural continuity becomes a real threat to preserve the identity of the national culture.

In 2007 Fund name was Pitirim Sorokin study was conducted, on the basis of which the experts managed to build a hierarchy of values ​​of modern Russian youth. In the first place - material well-being, slightly lower - value "I" (individualism), career, occupy the last stage - patriotism, respect for elders, debt of honor. При этом, analyzing the current state of Russian society, noted, the place values ​​in Russia is largely occupied antivalue. Among the set of values, dominant today in Russian society experts noted the following antivalues: the cult of money, indifference and individualism, permissiveness, cynical pragmatism, cult career, destruction of the family, social parasitism, sexual promiscuity. A similar pattern make us think hard about the future of our society and largely explains the situation, taking place today with young people (Theft, drugs, murder, alcoholism, skvernoslovie, corruption).

In this state, the society can not do without the education of youth. If it wants to be a cultural society, ie have a culture and preserve and develop this culture, it is necessary to clearly understand the goals and objectives of a modern system of education. The modern system of education should have its own specific, take into account the particular time, общества, meet the needs of modern civilization.

От специфического характера каждой культуры будет зависеть и специфический характер её педагогики, как это наглядно видно на примере трёх культур, developed on the basis of which our modern civilization. Ancient Israel, Greece and Rome had very different cultures, but they all gave exceptional value pedagogy, each in its spirit and in its direction. In Israel, the upbringing and education had a pronounced religious character, Rome - military and legal, Athens - Humanitarian and gymnastic. Ancient Greece even stood for culture and education with a common root word. The concept and meaning of education designated by the word "pedagogy", keeping children ("Pedagogus" - the leading children, from "Pedos", children, and "agogos", leading, from "Figaro", am). Культура, «Pedy», in turn deduced from the "pedagogy". Согласно Платону, first source of "orthopedics" ("Culture") God is, for "God is the teacher of the world" ("Ho Theos ton paidagogei Kosmond», "Laws", Х, 897 b).

Cadets is an ancient form of education. Original source of pedagogical concepts, on which the cadet corps worldwide, were ancient Athens, from which the concept has spread to almost all ancient Greece (Ernest Kurt. History of Greece. Buenos Aires, 1962. Tom 2, стр. 244. Translated from Spanish by my. И. A.). Ernest Curtius claims: "The balance between bodily and mental existence, harmonious perfection of all forces and all the instincts of nature for the Greeks were the work of education. Therefore fortress, agility, skill, сила, ease and freedom, generosity and cheerfulness, presence of mind ... there were no less important, than spiritual culture, acuteness of understanding, Skilled in the arts of the Muses " (Ibid. Tom 1, стр. 448).

Plato, teacher of Aristotle, in his last work "Laws", indicates, in Athens, in the city center, in his time there were "three high school" for a holistic education, the country had appropriate installation and extensive field, Exercise, including riding. They had special professors "teach subjects useful to the war and to give intellectual education". At the same Plato especially emphasizes, что такие учебные заведения должны посещаться «не только теми, чьим отцам это заблагорассудится, but, и всеми детьми граждан, ибо они принадлежат полису более чем своим родителям» (Plato, "Laws", 804 в).

Интеллектуальное воспитание в Греции осуществлялось в значительной мере путем изучения классической литературы, каковое сопровождалось музыкой, так же как и спортивное воспитание. Аристотель утверждает, что обучение музыке не должно быть препятствием для «военной и гражданской тренировки, сначала физической, а затем и теоретической».

В другом источнике он описывает, to be sought by the music education: complacent, hardness and abstinence. He also warns, that "one can not simultaneously train excessively mind and body". Общее положение эллинской культуры, представлено в словах Аристотеля: «Мы всегда больше хвалим умеренность, чем крайности». Аристотель предупреждает против чрезмерной атлетической подготовки и критикует спартанцев за то, что «они доводят до скотского состояния детей путем тяжелых трудов», thus making them "fit to perform only one function of the citizen".

Aristotle comes to the idea of ​​holistic education: "So obviously, that there is a training, which need not be given to children because, it is a useful, and therefore, that it leads to freedom and to the nobility ". And that was not the slightest doubt in the sense of these words, несколькими строчками ниже Аристотель объясняет: «Таким образом, главную роль в воспитании должно играть все благородное, а не скотское, since neither wolf nor any other animal will meet beautiful risk, but only a good man ". Such a system of education are best presented in the form of Kadetstvo, it is designed to raise the quality of human personality, that were needed not only in the ancient world, but are relevant in today's Russia.

История кадетских корпусов в России берет начало 27 января 1701 года, когда император Петр Великий подписал указ об организации в Москве Школы математических и навигацких наук. In Russia, the first time the word "cadet" was a decree 20 июля 1731 on the establishment of "Cadet Corps of 200 Gentry children ". Принципиальное отличие российских кадетских корпусов от европейских состояло в том, что юношей в них готовили не только к сугубо военной карьере, но и к государевой службе на гражданском поприще.

Выпускники кадетских корпусов составляли гордость не только России, но и всей цивилизации. Кадетами были фельдмаршалы Румянцев и Кутузов, flotovodcы Bellinsgauzen and Ushakov, Krusenstern, Nakhimov, Lazarev, poet Sumarokov, diplomat and poet Tyutchev, composers Rimsky-Korsakov, Rachmaninov, quack staple, artist Vereshtagin, писатели Радищев, Достоевский, Куприн, Лесков, Даль, основатель российского театра Волков.

Современный мир требует от человека разностороннего развития, овладения навыками самообразования, профессионализма, мобильности, коммуникабельности, толерантности. Этому и многому другому обучают сегодня в кадетских классах.

In today's society has created many forms of education of young people, but neither they all have the opportunity to raise a child spiritual, moral and cultural personality. In one of his public appearances DA. Medvedev said that, that society requires education system forming an ethical person, educated in the ideals of Russian culture, просвещенного патриотизма, нравственности и духовности. In a region with a long tradition of civic education remains virtually untapped resource of cultural and historical traditions of the Cossacks, depth of patriotic education in the best traditions of the Cossacks, based on the awareness of the historical identity of his system of social norms and values.

Сегодня резко возросла общественная востребованность учреждений кадетского образования, since they were practically the only form and the type of institutions the national education system, which by definition and status, способны дать своим воспитанникам качественное среднее образование, уберечь детей от соблазнов улицы и привить им навыки патриотизма, коллективизма, дружбы и честности.

Признание в качестве приоритета в воспитательной деятельности гуманизма и нравственности предполагает формирование у молодых людей гуманистических взглядов, sense of justice and dignity, accustom to their neighbors and moral purity. In modern conditions the content of education in schools in the cadet school is based on the priority of spiritual and moral values, which include: patriotism, гражданственность, гуманизм и нравственность, spirituality, ответственность.

Ориентация на патриотические ценности предполагает воспитание у подрастающего поколения преданности своему Отечеству, source of pride for their country and teaches responsible for her fate.

In 1993 year cadet movement in Russia actively revived. С этих пор кадетами называются воспитанники кадетских корпусов.

Кто же такой современный кадет? Это учащийся, который ходит в военной форме, изучает, помимо общеобразовательных предметов, военное дело, усиленно занимается строевой подготовкой и спортом, танцует, рисует, поет. В кадетских группах готовят пожарных, спасателей для МЧС РФ, водителей категорий «В», "C" for service in the Russian Army. Learn them prestigious and honorable: the respect of peers, форма, which makes a man fit, strict, disciplined, physical strength and endurance, fortitude and determination, ability to find a way in any situation, take the necessary decisions and respond quickly.

Cadet education today - it's insurance against infantilism. Дети выходят из таких образовательных учреждений во взрослый мир подготовленными и зрелыми, и у большинства из них не бывает проблем, которые свойственны современной эпохе.

Similar results can be achieved, organizing special living conditions of inmates in the cadet school, defined:

- A special way of life;

- Strictly regulated relationship of senior and junior;

- Provides for compulsory wearing special uniforms and insignia;

- Training schedule includes a system of mandatory daily and special ceremonial rituals and ceremonies.

Parenting in the cadet school is based on:

– исторических традициях русской культуры,

– кадетских ценностях и этике служения Отечеству,

– традициях дружбы,

– уважения и подчинения во взаимоотношениях равных, старших и младших,

- Ability to form of expression and accounting opinions comrades,

- Personal responsibility and conscious discipline,

- Learning to live in the community and serve the Fatherland, as befits a Russian citizen;

- Education will, managerial and leadership qualities;

- Respect for the individual education, ее правам и обязательное понимание важности собственных обязанностей перед коллективом и государством, необходимости их выполнения;

– привитие с раннего возраста учащимся чувства ответственности за свои поступки, ответственности за товарищей, беспрекословного подчинения законам, нравственным требованиям, development of a sense of honor and dignity.

Sources in the cadet school education - are sources of culture, which is formed through the comprehension of internal personal culture of each graduate. Talk about education is impossible to culture (education and an introduction to the culture of the child). The organization of the system of education and of educational activities based on the fundamental principles, formulated NS. Schurkovoy, according to which "accumulates achievements of culture for thousands of years such phenomena as social science, искусство, мораль, PEOPLE, material and substantive values ​​":

В системе кадетского обучения предназначение науки – формирование научного понимания мира, в воспитании наука является основой постижения закономерности жизни, установления ценностных и причинно-следственных связей. Мораль отражает достижения культуры в виде нормативных правил, запретов, предписаний, principles of relations between humans and the Man. Art represents values ​​through artistic image.

Art - a means of enrichment of human, повод для собственных размышлений о жизни.

Выпускник кадетской школы – это интеллектуально развитая личность, обладающая высоким уровнем знаний, владеющая навыками продуктивного мышления, высокими моральными качествами и духовностью, готовая к активной, инициативной деятельности на благо соей Родины, formed with high competitiveness in the labor market due to the development of moral stability, Positioned for success.

Such people need modern Rossi, therefore today Kadetstvo responsibility - preserving national indigenous culture through education benevolent, spiritually healthy person.

References

1. Plukin S.G. Value orientations / / http://plook.ru/index/cennostnye-orientacii

2. Karpuhin O.I. Russian youth: features of socialization and self-determination // Sociological studies. – 2000. – № 3. – С. 125.

3. Dobrenkov VI, Smakotina N.L., Vasenina I.V. Extremism among youth. Results of the survey. - M.: MAKS Press. 2007, С. 42.

4. Karpuhin O.I. Russian youth: features of socialization and self-determination // Sociological studies. – 2000. – № 3. – С. 126.